The IT band, or iliotibial band, is a tough band of fibrous tissue that runs along the outside of the thigh. It connects the hip bone (specifically the Ilium) to the tibia (tibia). Its main role is to provide stability to the knee joint during movements like running, walking and cycling.
The IT band attaches proximally to the Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle at the hip and the gluteus maximus muscle. Distally, it attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia, just below the knee joint. This attachment allows the IT band to transmit forces between the hip and knee joints, helping to coordinate movement and stabilize the leg during various activities.
The IT band assists with several functions related to movement and stability of the leg. It helps extend and abduct the hip, as well as stabilize the knee during activities such as walking, running, stair climbing and standing. It also helps maintain proper alignment of the thigh bone (femur) in relation to the knee and hip joints, contributing to overall lower extremity function and biomechanics.
Several muscles attach to or interact closely with the IT band to support its function. These muscles include the Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL), the gluteus maximus, and parts of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles. These muscles play a role in stability, abduction, and rotation of the hip, and their connections with the IT band assist coordinate movements of the thigh and lower leg.
The IT band connects to the hip through its attachment to the Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL) muscle. The TFL arises from the iliac crest of the hip bone and fuses with the IT band near the hip joint. This connection allows the TFL to exert force on the IT band during movements such as hip abduction (moving the leg away from the body) and rotation. Together, the IT band and TFL help stabilize the hip joint and contribute to overall lower extremity function during various activities.