2D radar, or two-dimensional radar, works by scanning in a single plane to detect and track objects primarily based on their azimuth (horizontal angle) and range (distance). It provides information on the location of targets relative to the radar system but generally does not provide altitude (vertical information). This type of radar is commonly used in applications such as air traffic control, marine navigation, weather monitoring and surveillance, where knowledge of the horizontal position and distance of objects is sufficient for operational needs.
2D and 3D radar refer to the dimensions in which radar systems operate and the type of spatial information they provide. A 2D radar system operates in a single plane, usually horizontal, and provides azimuth and range information. It does not provide altitude or elevation information. In contrast, a 3D radar system operates in multiple planes, typically azimuth, elevation, and range. This allows the 3D radar to provide additional information about the altitude or elevation of detected objects in addition to their horizontal position and distance. 3D radar is advantageous in applications requiring more comprehensive spatial awareness, such as air defense systems, weather radar for storm cloud tracking, and terrain mapping for military or civilian purposes.
2D radar works by emitting short pulses of radio waves in a specific direction and then listening for reflected echoes from objects in its coverage area. The radar system calculates the distance to each object based on the time required for the transmitted pulse to return (time-of-flight principle). Additionally, by measuring the phase shift or change in frequency of the returned signal (Doppler effect), 2D radar can determine the relative speed of moving objects. The radar antenna scans mechanically or electronically in a horizontal plane, scanning angles to detect targets across its field of view. The received signals are processed to generate a display of detected targets plotted in azimuth and range, providing operators with real-time information on the location and movement of objects within the radar’s coverage area.