The wavelength of radar waves depends on the frequency of the radar signal, and it can vary significantly depending on the specific radar system and its application. Radar systems typically operate over a range of frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum, from very low frequencies (VLF) to extremely high frequencies (EHF) and beyond. Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency, meaning higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths and vice versa. For example, radar systems operating in the gigahertz) have wavelengths ranging from 7.5 centimeters to 15 centimeters. The specific wavelength of a radar system determines its resolution capabilities and performance characteristics.
Radar uses electromagnetic waves for its operation, usually in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This includes bands such as X-band, S-band, C-band and others, each with specific frequency ranges and corresponding wavelengths. Microwave frequencies are chosen for radar because of their ability to penetrate various atmospheric conditions and weather phenomena, such as rain and fog, while providing precise detection and editing capabilities. Radar waves are transmitted from the radar antenna, reflect objects in their path, and are detected when they return to the radar receiver, allowing the system to determine the distance, direction, and speed of objects.
C-band radar operates in a specific frequency range centered at approximately 4 to 8 gigahertz (GHz), corresponding to wavelengths ranging from approximately 3.75 centimeters to 7.5 centimeters. The exact wavelength of C-band radar can vary slightly depending on the specific frequency in that range that the radar system operates. C-band radar is commonly used for a variety of applications, including weather radar, maritime radar, air traffic control radar, and satellite communications. Its moderate frequency and wavelength provide a balance between resolution, range and atmospheric penetration, making it suitable for short-range and medium-range radar systems in different operational environments.