A radar system is a technology that uses radio waves to detect, track and identify objects at a distance. The term “radar” represents “radio detection and variety”. The basic principle of radar is to transmit electromagnetic waves from a radar transmitter. These waves propagate through the atmosphere until they encounter objects such as planes, ships, vehicles or weather phenomena. Upon hitting a target, some of the energy is reflected back to the radar receiver. By analyzing the delay, Doppler shift and amplitude of the returned signals, the radar system can determine the distance, direction, speed and other characteristics of detected targets. The radar operates on different frequencies and wavelengths, allowing it to adapt to different environmental conditions and target types.
Radar systems have diverse applications in the military, aerospace, civil and industrial sectors. In military and defense, radar technology is used for surveillance, reconnaissance, target acquisition and missile guidance. Radar systems provide crucial situational awareness by detecting and tracking enemy aircraft, ships and ground vehicles, effectively enabling defense forces to effectively monitor air and maritime space. In aerospace applications, radar supports air traffic control (ATC) operations by monitoring aircraft movements, maintaining safe separation between flights, and providing critical information to pilots and controllers. In civil sectors, radar is employed for weather monitoring, detecting severe storms and precipitation patterns and issuing timely warnings for natural disasters. Other applications include maritime navigation, ground surveillance, automobile collision avoidance systems and geological exploration. Radar’s ability to operate reliably in a variety of conditions and provide real-time data makes it a versatile technology with widespread utility in modern society.