Radar range band refers to the different frequency ranges used by radar systems for various applications. These bands include L Band (1 to 2 GHz), S Band (2 to 4 GHz), C Band (4 to 8 GHz), X Band (8 to 12 GHz), KU Band (12 to 18 GHz), K Band (18 to 27 GHz) and Ka Band (27 to 40 GHz). Each frequency band is tailored to specific types of radar applications, offering different trade-offs between resolution, range and penetration capabilities.
The range of C-band radar, which operates in the frequency range of 4 to 8 GHz, generally extends from tens of kilometers to several hundred kilometers. This range makes C-band radar suitable for weather radar systems, air traffic control, and some maritime radar applications because it balances good resolution with a relatively long detection range.
The range of K-band radar, operating in the frequency range 18–27 GHz, is generally shorter than that of lower frequency bands due to higher atmospheric attenuation. K-band radars are effective for short to medium applications, typically up to about 50 kilometers. They are often used in applications such as police speed radar guns, vehicle collision avoidance systems, and some military and short-range surveillance radars.
The range of L-band radar, which operates in the 1-2 GHz frequency range, is generally due to lower atmospheric attenuation. L Band radars can detect objects at ranges up to several hundred kilometers, making them ideal for long-range surveillance, air traffic control and early warning systems. They are also used in some types of weather radar and ground penetrating radar.