The GPR scanning process involves several systematic steps to acquire and interpret subsurface data using ground penetrating radar technology. First, the GPR system is set up with a radar antenna that transmits and receives electromagnetic waves. The antenna is moved over the surface being surveyed, usually in a grid pattern or along designated survey lines. When radar waves penetrate soil or other materials, they encounter interfaces between different buried substances or objects, causing reflections recorded by the GPR system. These reflections are processed to create profiles or images of the subsurface, revealing features such as utilities, geological layers, or anomalies like voids or cracks. Interpretation of GPR data involves analyzing the timing, amplitude, and spatial distribution of these reflections to understand the structure and characteristics of the subsurface environment.
The GPR scanning method uses electromagnetic waves in the microwave radio frequency range to probe the subsurface. During scanning, radar pulses are transmitted into the ground or other materials through the antenna, and the system detects reflections that occur when these waves encounter changes in material properties or buried objects. The scanning process involves systematically moving the antenna over the survey area, collecting data along defined transects or grids. This method allows GPR to create detailed cross-sectional views or maps of the subsurface, providing valuable information for various applications including archaeology, engineering, environmental assessment and geophysics.
The stages of GPR processing involve several steps to transform raw data into meaningful subsurface images or profiles. Initially, data preprocessing includes removing noise, correcting antenna characteristics, and applying filters to improve signal quality. Then the data is migrated to correct wave propagation distortions caused by underground structures. Then, data interpretation involves analyzing the processed signals to identify and locate subsurface features such as utilities, geological layers, or anomalies. Visualization tools are often used to present processed GPR data as 2D profiles or 3D models, facilitating deeper analysis and decision-making. GPR processing steps are essential for extracting accurate information from radar reflections and ensuring reliable interpretation of subsurface conditions for various applications.