The frequency of radar systems varies depending on their application and technology used:
Radar systems operate over a wide range of frequencies, from very low frequencies (VLF) to extremely high frequencies (EHF). The specific frequency used by a radar system is chosen based on factors such as required range, resolution, atmospheric conditions and target characteristics. Common radar frequencies include:
- Band S: Typically operates around 2-4 GHz, commonly used in weather radar, air traffic control and maritime radar applications.
- KA Band: Operates between 26.5 to 40 GHz, providing high resolution and used in applications such as satellite communications and automotive radar.
B-Band: Operates around 1-2 GHz, used in applications requiring longer range and penetration capabilities, such as air traffic control and satellite communication.
Speed radar, commonly used by law enforcement for speed enforcement, typically operates in microwave bands, such as X-band (approximately 10.5 to 10.55 GHz), K-band (around 24.05 to 24.25 GHz) and the Ka band (around 33.4 for 36 GHz). These frequencies are chosen for their ability to provide accurate speed measurements over short distances and in a variety of weather conditions.
Sonar and radar operate in different frequency ranges due to their respective applications and propagation characteristics.
Sonar, used underwater to detect objects and measure distances, typically operates in the ultrasonic frequency range, from tens of KHz to several MHz. This range allows sonar signals to travel efficiently through water and be effective for underwater navigation, submarine detection and finding fish.
Missile radar systems use frequencies suited to their operational needs, often in the X-band or Ku-band ranges (typically 8 to 18 GHz). These frequencies provide a balance of resolution, range, and penetration capability needed to effectively track and engage targets.
Missile radar systems use active homing techniques, emitting radar signals to detect and track targets autonomously, guiding the missile to its intended target with precision even in difficult operational environments