Field radar, also known as Ground Proximity Radar (GPWS – Proximity Ground Warning System), is a critical avionics system used in aviation to improve flight safety by providing pilots with real-time information on the aircraft’s proximity to the ground and surrounding terrain. This radar system continuously scans the terrain under and around the aircraft, alerting pilots of potential dangers such as mountains, hills, towers or other obstacles. Field radar is particularly important during low altitude flight, approach and landing phases, where visibility may be limited due to weather conditions or terrain characteristics.
Terrain radar works by emitting radar waves from antennas mounted on the fuselage or wings of the aircraft. These radar waves travel downward and sideways, bouncing off terrain features below. The radar system then receives the reflected signals, which are processed to create a digital map of the terrain contours and elevation. This information is displayed to pilots on cockpit screens, often in the form of color-coded maps or digital terrain profiles. The system continuously updates terrain data as the aircraft moves, providing pilots with real-time awareness of their position in relation to surrounding terrain and potential obstacles.
In aviation, terrain refers to the natural features and ground characteristics of a geographic area, including elevation, slopes, landforms, vegetation cover, bodies of water, and man-made structures. Terrain plays a crucial role in flight operations, particularly during takeoff, landing, and low altitude phases of flight. Pilots must take terrain features into account when planning flight routes, performing approach procedures, and navigating different landscapes. Terrain awareness and management are essential to ensure safe flight operations, avoiding terrain-related hazards and optimizing flight efficiency in civil and military aviation contexts.