Radar scanning refers to the process of systematically carrying out a radar antenna or beam over a specified area or volume to detect and track targets within its coverage. There are several types of radar scanning techniques, including mechanical scanning, electronic scanning (also known as progressive array), and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scanning. Mechanical scanning involves physically rotating or moving the radar antenna to sweep the radar beam across the desired area.
Electron scanning, on the other hand, uses electronically refined antennas to adjust the direction of the beam without moving the physical antenna structure. SAR scanning uses the movement of the radar platform (such as an aircraft or satellite) combined with sophisticated signal processing to synthesize a large antenna aperture electronically, providing high-resolution imaging capabilities.
Radar scanning is used in various applications for detection, surveillance, navigation and imaging.
In military contexts, radar scanning plays an essential role in the detection and tracking of aircraft, missiles, ships and ground vehicles. It enables early warning systems for defense against threats, supports battlefield reconnaissance and helps target weapon systems. In civil aviation, radar scanning is essential for air traffic control to monitor aircraft positions, ensure safe separation, and guide landings and takeoffs. In maritime environments, radar scanning helps with navigation, collision avoidance and search and rescue operations by detecting ships, buoys and hazards such as icebergs.
Additionally, radar scanning is used in meteorology for weather monitoring, monitoring precipitation patterns and tracking severe storms, providing valuable data for forecasting and public safety
