An electronic array, also known as an antenna array or a phased array, is a configuration of multiple antennas that work together as a single antenna system. These boards are used in radar, communications systems and other applications where directional control and signal processing are crucial. By coordinating signals from individual antennas, electronic arrays can steer beams electronically, enabling rapid scanning, tracking and interference rejection.
AESA (active electronic scanning array) and PESA (passive electronic scanning array) are two types of radar antenna arrays. AESA is generally considered superior to PESA due to its ability to transmit radar signals and receive echoes from different parts of the antenna simultaneously, improving operational flexibility, agility and resistance to jamming. AESA systems are more complex and expensive, but offer significant advantages in modern radar and communications technologies.
An antenna array consists of several individual antennas arranged in a coordinated manner to achieve specific performance characteristics. Types of antenna arrays include linear arrays (where the antennas are arranged in a line), planar arrays (arranged in a two-dimensional plane), and conformal arrays (fitted to curved surfaces). These arrays are designed to improve beam directivity, gain and steering capabilities, crucial for applications in radar, satellite communications and wireless networks.
The concept of a phased array involves using multiple antenna elements with carefully controlled relative phases to direct the direction of transmitted or received radio waves. By adjusting the phase of each antenna element electronically, the phased array can direct the radiation beam without physically moving the antenna. This capability enables rapid beam scanning, enhanced target tracking and adaptive beamforming, making progressive arrays essential in modern radar systems, satellite communications and wireless technologies.