In this guide, we will cover What is a sparse antenna array?, What is meant by sparse array?, When to use a sparse array?
What is a sparse antenna array?
A sparse antenna array refers to an array configuration where the antennas are spaced farther apart compared to a traditional dense array. In a sparse antenna array, the spacing between adjacent antennas is greater than half the wavelength of the signals received or transmitted. This greater spacing results in fewer antennas covering a given area or volume, hence the term “sparse.” Sparse antenna arrays are often used in applications where reducing the number of antennas can simplify system design, reduce costs, or meet specific operational requirements such as wide coverage or interference mitigation.
What is meant by sparse array?
The term “sparse array” generally refers to an antenna array configuration where the number of antennas is significantly smaller than what would be considered fully populated or dense. Sparse arrays are designed with intentional gaps between antennas, which can vary in size depending on the application and desired antenna performance characteristics. These gaps allow reduced mutual coupling between antennas and can provide unique beamforming capabilities, such as beamforming with variable beamwidths or steering flexibility in wider angular sectors compared to dense arrays.
When to use a sparse array?
Sparse arrays are typically used in scenarios where specific operational advantages outweigh the benefits of using a densely populated antenna array. A common application is in radar systems, where sparse arrays can help reduce mutual coupling effects and improve angular resolution in certain directions. Sparse arrays are also beneficial in large-scale antenna systems such as phased arrays used for satellite communication or wireless networks, where minimizing hardware complexity and maximizing coverage area or volume are critical considerations.
The main difference between dense and sparse arrays is the spacing and density of the antennas in the array structure. Dense arrays have antennas positioned closely together, typically with spacing between elements less than half the wavelength of the signals they handle. This dense arrangement enables precise beam shaping, high angular resolution, and enhanced spatial coverage in specific directions. In contrast, sparse arrays have greater inter-element spacing, resulting in fewer antennas covering the same area or volume. Sparse arrays provide benefits such as reduced mutual coupling, improved robustness against interference, and potential cost savings due to fewer hardware components. However, they may sacrifice some spatial resolution and beamform accuracy compared to dense arrays, depending on application requirements and design considerations.
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