An array is a type of antenna array configuration where individual antenna elements are arranged along a line perpendicular to the direction in which the antenna array is pointing. This perpendicular alignment means that the main radiation lobes (beam patterns) of the array are directed perpendicular to the array axis, often resulting in a broad radiation pattern. In practical terms, this configuration allows the array to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves in a preferred direction perpendicular to the line of the antennas, providing a wide coverage area in that direction.
Broadside array refers to an antenna array configuration where the main radiation direction of the array is perpendicular to the line of the antennas. This arrangement contrasts with end-fire arrays, where the main radiation direction coincides with the array axis. The edge-wide orientation of the array allows effective radiation in a specific direction perpendicular to the plane of the array, providing benefits such as improved directivity, improved gain in the broad direction, and reduced sensitivity to signals from the wide direction. the axis of the main beam.
The advantages of an onboard array include its ability to provide a well-defined radiation pattern with a strong main lobe in the Broadside direction. This configuration provides improved directivity and gain in the desired direction perpendicular to the array, making it suitable for applications requiring targeted coverage in a specific azimuthal plane. Onboard arrays are also less susceptible to mutual coupling effects between adjacent elements compared to fire arrays, simplifying antenna system design and performance optimization.
Collinear and wide arrays differ mainly in their orientation and radiation characteristics. Collinear arrays consist of antenna elements aligned along the same axis, usually with each element positioned in line with each other in a linear arrangement. This configuration produces a unidirectional radiation pattern with maximum gain along the array axis, making collinear arrays suitable for applications where coverage along a specific line or axis is desired. In contrast, wide-edge arrays have elements arranged perpendicular to the main radiation direction, providing wider coverage in a plane perpendicular to the array axis.
The half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of a wide array refers to the angular width of the main lobe of the radiation pattern at dB points relative to the peak of the main lobe. The HPBW indicates the angular extent of the main beam in which the array radiates or receives signals with significant power. For an onboard array, the HPBW is typically wider relative to the fire bays, reflecting its ability to provide wider coverage perpendicular to the axis of the array. HPBW is a critical parameter for evaluating the directional characteristics and coverage capacity of antenna arrays, influencing their suitability for various communications, radar and sensing applications.