Radar operates over a range of frequencies depending on its intended application and specific technology. Common radar frequencies range from very high frequency (VHF) to extremely high frequency (EHF), typically spanning from about 1 MHz (Megahertz) to 300 GHz (Gigahertz). The frequency range used depends on factors such as the purpose of the radar (e.g., weather monitoring, air traffic control, military surveillance), desired range and resolution capabilities, atmospheric conditions, and regulatory considerations . Different radar systems can operate at specific frequencies optimized for their intended use, balancing factors such as signal propagation, target detection capabilities and interference avoidance.
Radar range, referring to its maximum detection distance, varies significantly depending on the type of radar and its operational parameters. Ground-based radar systems used for air traffic control or weather monitoring can detect targets, such as aircraft or weather, at distances ranging from tens to hundreds of kilometers. Military radar systems designed for surveillance and defense purposes may have longer detection ranges, capable of detecting targets at ranges exceeding hundreds of kilometers, particularly in airborne or space-based configurations. The effective range of radar is influenced by factors such as transmit power, antenna design, signal processing capabilities, and environmental conditions.
Radar radiation uses electromagnetic waves in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. The specific frequency bands used for radar radiation depend on the type of radar and its operational requirements. Radar systems typically emit RF signals at frequencies ranging from several hundred MHz (Megahertz) to tens of GHz (Gigahertz). Low-frequency radar systems, such as those operating in the S-band (2-4 GHz) or L-band (1-2 GHz), are commonly used for long-range surveillance, air traffic control, and surveillance. bad weather due to their favorable propagation characteristics over long distances. Higher frequency radar systems, such as X-band (8-12 GHz) or Ku-band (12-18 GHz), provide finer resolution and are used for applications requiring precision and accuracy. applications, such as military tracking, aerospace applications and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. Radar frequency selection is critical to optimizing performance, minimizing interference, and achieving desired operational objectives.