Air defense radar systems typically operate in the S-band (2-4 GHz) and L-band (1-2 GHz) frequency range. These frequency bands are well suited for long-range detection of aircraft and missiles while providing good resolution and accuracy in tracking targets. The choice of frequency depends on factors such as the required range, target size, environmental conditions and the specific operational requirements of the radar system.
S-band radars, for example, offer a good balance between range and resolution, making them suitable for various air defense applications, including early warning and target tracking.
Military radars use a range of frequencies depending on their intended application and operational environment. Besides S-band and L-band, military radars can also operate in X-band (8-12 GHz) and Ku-band (12-18 GHz) for specific purposes. X-band radars are commonly used for targeting, navigation and surveillance due to their higher resolution capabilities and ability to detect smaller targets.
Ku-band radars offer even higher resolution and are suitable for applications requiring precise tracking and identification of targets. The choice of frequency band depends on factors such as target characteristics, operational range, congestion conditions, and electronic countermeasures (ECM).
Air search radar, which is typically used for long-range detection and surveillance of aircraft, operates in the frequency range of L-band (1-2 GHz) and sometimes in C-band (4-8 GHz).
L-band frequencies are well suited to air search radar because they provide good detection range and performance in adverse weather conditions, such as rain and fog, where higher frequency radars may experience mitigation. Air search radars are crucial for providing early warning of approaching aircraft, allowing air defense systems to initiate appropriate responses and providing airspace surveillance for civil aviation operations and military
