Radar bands refer to specific ranges of frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are allocated for radar operations. These bands are designated by letters, such as L, S, C, X and Ku, each with unique characteristics that make them suitable for different radar applications. The operating frequency determines the radar’s resolution, range, and ability to penetrate various materials, which influences the choice of band for specific uses.
C-band in radar generally operates in the frequency range of 4 to 8 GHz. It is widely used for weather radar systems, maritime radar and some satellite communications. C-band strikes a balance between good resolution and reasonable penetration through atmospheric conditions like rain and clouds, making it ideal for tracking weather and maritime navigation.
The difference between C-band and S-band mainly lies in their frequency ranges and typical applications. S-band operates in the frequency range of 2 to 4 GHz. It provides better penetration across atmospheric conditions and long-range capabilities compared to C-band. S-band radars are commonly used for long-range air traffic control, weather radar, and some radar applications marine. On the other hand, C-band provides higher resolution and is often used for shorter radar and weather satellite communications.
L and S bands refer to specific radar frequency ranges. L-band operates from 1 to 2 GHz and is known for its ability to penetrate foliage, rain and other obstructions, making it suitable for long-range surveillance, air traffic control and remote sensing applications . S-band, as mentioned earlier, operates from 2 to 4 GHz and is used for applications requiring a balance between range and resolution, such as weather radar and air traffic control.
GHz bands refer to specific ranges of frequencies expressed in Gigahertz (GHZ) used in radar and other communications systems. Each band, designated by a letter, corresponds to a particular range of GHz frequencies. For example, L band ranges from 1 to 2 GHz, S band ranges from 2 to 4 GHz, C band ranges from 4 to 8 GHz, X band ranges from 8 to 12 GHz, and Ku band ranges from 12 to 18 GHz. These GHZ frequencies determine the performance characteristics of the radar, including resolution, range, and the ability to penetrate various materials.