GPR data processing involves several key steps to convert raw radar signals into meaningful subsurface images or profiles. Initially, the collected data undergoes preprocessing to remove noise, correct antenna characteristics, and apply filters that improve signal clarity. This preprocessing step is crucial to improve data quality before further analysis. Then, data migration techniques are applied to compensate for distortions caused by wave propagation through the subsurface. This helps accurately position radar reflections and create a clearer representation of underground structures. Finally, data interpretation involves analyzing processed signals to identify and map subsurface features such as utilities, geological layers, or anomalies. Visualization tools are often used to present processed GPR data in 2D profiles or 3D models, assisting in detailed analysis and decision making for applications in archaeology, engineering, environmental sciences, etc. .
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface. It works on the principle of transmitting electromagnetic waves into the ground or other materials through a radar antenna. These waves penetrate the material until they encounter boundaries or objects with different electromagnetic properties, where some of the energy is reflected back to the surface. The GPR system detects these reflections, measuring their delay and amplitude to create profiles or images of the subsurface. By analyzing these reflections, GPR can identify buried objects, geological layers, voids, and other underground features without the need for excavation.
The GPR methodology involves systematic procedures for conducting surveys and analyzing radar data to extract subsurface information. Initially, the survey area is prepared and the GPR equipment is set up with the appropriate radar antenna and parameters according to the survey objectives. The survey is conducted by moving the antenna on the ground in a grid pattern or along defined transects, transmitting radar pulses and recording the reflections received. The collected data undergoes processing to remove noise, correct distortions and improve the clarity of radar signals. Interpretation of the processed data involves identifying and mapping subsurface features based on the characteristics of radar reflections. The GPR methodology is adaptable across various disciplines including archaeology, engineering, geology and environmental sciences, providing valuable information on subsurface conditions for research, exploration and practical applications.