A beam antenna works by focusing radio frequency energy in a specific direction, improving signal strength and reception toward a desired target or direction while minimizing signal radiation in other directions. This directional capability is achieved through the design of the antenna elements, typically consisting of elements and driven reflectors or directors. The driven element is connected to the transmitter or receiver, while the reflectors and directors are strategically positioned to create a beam pattern.
By adjusting the lengths and spacing of these elements, beam antennas can achieve high gain, which focuses the radiated energy into a narrow beamwidth, improving signal transmission or reception over longer distances by compared to omnidirectional antennas.
The height of a beam antenna depends on several factors, including the desired coverage area, operating frequency, and terrain considerations. In general, placing a beam antenna higher increases its effective range and improves its performance in terms of signal strength and directionality.
For VHF and UHF frequencies, beam antennas are often mounted several meters above ground level to minimize interference from surrounding objects and terrain, and to achieve a clearer line of sight to distant communications points. The exact height recommendation may vary depending on specific environmental factors and operational requirements.
Beam steering in antenna systems involves dynamically adjusting the direction of the main radiation lobe of the antenna without physically moving the entire antenna structure.
This capability is crucial in applications such as radar, communications systems and wireless networks, where maintaining or changing the direction of signal transmission or reception is necessary. Beam steering techniques include electronic methods such as phased array antennas, where the relative phase and amplitude of signals from individual antenna elements are electronically controlled. By adjusting these parameters, the antenna can steer or direct its main beam to different angles or targets quickly and accurately, allowing adaptive and flexible operation in various scenarios
