Radar cross section (RCS) is typically measured using specialized radar systems designed for test and evaluation purposes. These systems emit electromagnetic waves (often in the microwave or millimeter wave bands) toward the object under test, such as an aircraft, missile, or ground vehicle. The radar system records the resistance of the reflected signals, which are influenced by the size, shape and surface properties of the object.
By analyzing reflected signals, RCS measurements provide quantitative data on how effectively the object reflects radar waves back to the radar receiver.
RCS measurements involve evaluating the radar reflectivity of an object at different angles and distances. This process allows one to evaluate how the RCS of the object varies depending on its orientation relative to the radar source. Measurements are performed in controlled environments, such as an anechoic chamber or outdoor range, to minimize interference from external signals and environmental factors.
RCS measurements are essential for assessing the stealth characteristics of military platforms, evaluating their radar detectability, and informing design decisions to optimize radar performance.
Units for radar cross section (RCS) are usually measured in square meters (m²) or square decimeters (DM²). The RCS value represents the effective area of the object seen by the radar system, indicating the size of a radar echo that the object would produce if illuminated by a radar signal.
RCS measurement provides a standardized metric that quantifies the detectability of an object by radar systems, influencing decisions in radar design, military operations and the development of stealth technology.
The technique of measuring radar cross section involves using radar systems capable of emitting coherent electromagnetic waves and receiving their reflections from the objects being tested. The technique uses radar signal processing algorithms to analyze the resistance and phase of reflected signals, distinguishing echoes from the object and background noise.
Advanced RCS measurement techniques can include polarization diversity, frequency agility, and multi-angle scanning to obtain comprehensive data on an object’s radar reflectivity characteristics. These techniques are crucial for accurately assessing RCs across different frequencies and angles, providing information about an object’s radar signature and aiding in the development of radar evasion technologies
