Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) refers to the ability of electronic devices, equipment and systems to operate within their intended electromagnetic environment without causing or experiencing unacceptable electromagnetic interference (EMI). It ensures that devices can coexist and function properly without mutual interference, enabling reliable operation of communications systems, consumer electronics, industrial equipment, and more in a shared electromagnetic spectrum.
EMI (electromagnetic interference) refers to unwanted electromagnetic emissions that disrupt the operation of electronic devices or systems. It can come from various sources such as electric motors, power lines, radio transmitters and other electronic devices. EMC (electromagnetic compatibility), on the other hand, encompasses both EMI and the ability of electronic devices to operate without being affected by external electromagnetic disturbances.
Being “EMC certified” means that a device or equipment has undergone testing and complies with regulatory standards and requirements related to electromagnetic compatibility. Certification typically involves emissions testing (EMI) to ensure that the device does not emit electromagnetic interference above permissible limits and testing for immunity to external electromagnetic disturbances to ensure reliable operation in different environments.
Electrical safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are closely related concepts but address different aspects of device performance. Electrical safety focuses on preventing hazards such as electric shock and fire hazards caused by electrical faults or malfunctions. EMC, on the other hand, ensures that electronic devices operate properly in their electromagnetic environment without causing or being susceptible to interference that could disrupt their performance or the performance of other devices.
EMC is important because it ensures the reliable operation of electronic devices and systems in today’s interconnected and electromagnetic environment. Compliance with EMC standards and regulations helps prevent interference issues that could lead to unreliable performance, data corruption, communications failures, or security risks. It also supports interoperability between different devices and systems, ensuring compatibility and smooth operation in shared electromagnetic environments such as offices, factories, hospitals and homes.